Ancestry.com., Directory of Deceased American Physicians, 1804-1929, online database, Provo, MyFamily.com, Inc., 2004.

Original data: Hafner, Arthur Wayne, ed., Directory of Deceased American Physicians, 1804-1929: a genealogical guide to over 149,000 medical practitioners providing brief biographical sketches drawn from the American Medical Association's Deceased Physician Masterfile, Chicago: American Medical Association, 1993.